KIDS IN TROUBLE

In April 1996 a three-month-old baby in Richmond, California was dumped from his bassinet and viciously kicked and beaten. The infant suffered a fractured skull and permanent brain damage.

The suspect? A six-year-old boy, who was arrested and charged with attempted murder.

The case touched off a fierce debate over whether a child could be held accountable for such a crime and focused attention on the perplexing problem of juvenile delinquency and violence in American society. This page lists resources on the Internet that parents, educators and other professionals who deal with juveniles can use to help understand what is troubling many of our young people today and help prevent them from turning to violence and crime.


REPORTS AND STATISTICS

California Safe Schools Assessment - The California Department of Education did a survey of crime in California public schools in 1995-1996. Among the findings were that property crimes resulted in an economic loss of just under $22.7 million, crimes against people represented 28 percent of all crimes, with an incidence rate of 4.1 per 1,000 students, and that 89 percent of the crimes against people did not involve the use of a weapon.

Children and Youth Policy - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has summaries of studies and research it has sponsored on the topics of juvenile violence and welfare. The studies are on topics ranging from coordinated community responses to domestic violence and alcohol and drug treatment programs for welfare recipients to family reunification programs and the costs of providing child care.

Combating Violence and Delinquency: - The Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has published this overview of proposed changes and improvements to the juvenile justice system to combat violence, especially youth violence. It includes a number of statistics detailing the problems and examples of successful intervention and community programs.

Diverting Children from a Life of Crime:Measuring Costs and Benefits - The nonprofit RAND research organization in Southern California did a study comparing the effectiveness of longer prison sentences in reducing crime with an expansion of programs to provide parent training and graduation incentives for juveniles. The study concluded that while California's tough three-strikes law against repeat offenders may result in a 21 percent reduction in crime at a cost of $5.5 billion a year, a training and incentives program costing $1 billion more would yield about double the reduction in crime.

Fact Sheet on Juvenile Crime - The American Civil Liberties Union put together this position paper on juvenile crime in May 1996, responding to a raft of legislation passed in states all across the country mandating tougher sentencing for juveniles convicted of crimes. The fears about an explosion in juvenile crime are overblown, the ACLU contends, citing a news story that estimated only about one half of one percent of juveniles commit violent crimes. Preventive programs are both cheaper and more effective, the ACLU says.

Firearm Deaths Among Children by State in 1993 - California leads the nation in gun-related fatalities for young people under the age of 20, with 904 such deaths in 1993. This survey of gun-related deaths in all 50 states was put together by the Pacific Center for Violence Prevention based on statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Firearm Deaths in the United States in 1992 - The Pacific Center for Violence Prevention has put up on its Web page a table of statistics showing that 895 children under the age of 15 were killed in firearm related incidents in 1992. The figures, drawn from data in the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System, also break down the deaths by different age groups and the sex and race of the victims.

Firearm Injuries and Fatalities - In 1994, firearm incidents were the second leading cause of death for young people, according to this fact sheet compiled by the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Juvenile Court Statistics - The U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has put online a 95-page report tracking juvenile cases in the criminal justice system. Between 1985 and 1994, the number of delinquency cases in U.S.juvenile courts increased 41 percent, including a 144 percent rise in homicides, 134 percent more aggravated assaults and a 156 percent increase in weapons cases.

Juvenile Violence: A Guide to Research - This 1996 report is an overview of the statistics and studies done on juvenile violence. It was put together by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, the National Association of Women Judges and the ABA National Conference of State Trial Judges.

Juveniles Arrested for Crimes - While juvenile crime had increased steadily for a decade, the number of crimes committed by youths began declining in recent years. Selected statistics from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports.

Prison and Jail Inmates - The number of juveniles held in local jails increased 17 percent from 1994 to 1995, and more than three quarters of those youths faced being tried as adults, according to this report by the U.S. Office of Justice Programs on the nation's inmate population.

School Related Violence - In 1995 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention did a national survey of nearly 11,000 high school students that found nearly 10 percent of them had carried a weapon of some kind on school property during the previous month and that 8.4 percent of them had been threatened or injured with a weapon at some time in the previous year.

The Violence Surrounding Our Schools - A survey of 1,800 students in the Los Angeles School District found that 49 percent had seen a weapon at school, nearly 14 percent had taken a weapon to school, 48 percent said it would be easy to get a gun and 38 percent had witnessed a shooting going to or coming from school. The study was done by California State University Los Angeles, the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California and the University of Southern California.


NEWS STORIES AND NEWSLETTERS

News in Juvenile Justice - An archive of past issues of this publication on developments in the juvenile justice field by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.

U.S. News Online - Special Report on Juvenile Violence - The online version of the magazine's recent extensive report on the problem of juvenile violence


ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTACTS

Organizations with Web pages - A list of World Wide Web pages of organizations involved in juvenile justice issues put together by the National Criminal Justice Reference Service.

American Bar Association - The national lawyers association's Juvenile Justice Center Web page on the rights of juveniles. The center works on numerous issues, including juvenile right to counsel, detention and corrections reform, the assigning of juveniles for trial in adult courts, and the overrepresentation of minority youths in the criminal justice system.

Children Now - This is an advocacy group for youth focusing on California. It's Web page includes a booklet for parents on how to talk with kids about violence and other problems and an annual "Report Card and State of Our Children," which provides a wealth of statistics on issues affecting youths in California.

HandsNet - A nonprofit agency linking human service organization to the community. HandsNet features news items and classes on juvenile-related topics.

KidsPeace - This private, not-for-profit organization dedicated to helping children has a Web page that contains a large directory of resources for kids in crisis including information on foster families.

National Center for Juvenile Justice - The center, the research division of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, has published numerous studies on youth violence and crime and does statistical research for the U.S. Department of Justice on juvenile crime.

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges - Based at the University of Nevada, Reno, this organization represents judges and other professionals in the criminal justice system. The group's Web page features an archive of past newsletters the NCJFCJ has published about the juvenile justice system and information on projects focusing on substance abuse and family violence.

National Youth Gang Center - The center, part of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, describes the steps it is taking to eliminate gangs and related violence.

National Network of Violence Prevention Practitioners This organization is an outgrowth of a Carnegie Corporation-funded study in the early 1990s by the Education Development Center Inc. of programs serving kids 10 to 15 years old in the United States. A conference to evaluate the finds recommended more emphasis on and evaluation of violence prevention programs, and the NNVPP was born. Since then the network has worked with a pilot group of 22 community-based programs. Members of the network are drawn from violence prevention programs, schools, community-based organizations, academia, the criminal justice system and public health agencies. The network's Web page provides statistical information on youth violence, a summary of what the network is doing, and a membership form for joining it.

Pacific Center for Violence Prevention - Based at San Francisco General Hospital, the center has put together several reports on youth violence as well as information on a number of community programs aimed at reducing violence and dealing with the problems of young people. There also is a section on juvenile justice legislation.

Pavnet - Partnerships Against Violence, or Pavnet, is a private organization that sponsors an elaborate Web page that includes a searchable database of information from seven different federal agencies on youth violence and related issues.

Youth Crime Watch of America - This non-profit organization is involved in hundreds of schools and community programs across the country that help young people avoid crime and drug use. The group's Web page has basic information on the programs it sponsors.


LEGISLATION

Children's Defense Fund - A Web page that summarizes legislation that affects children including juvenile justice and crime prevention bills, put together by the Children's Defense Fund organization.

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